The Difference Between Sworn and Certified Translations in Europe

Confused about sworn and certified translation? In Europe, these terms carry different legal meanings, and choosing the right one is critical.
Learn how to navigate the differences and ensure your documents meet official requirements.

When moving to Europe for work, study, or immigration, you’ll likely need official translations of important documents such as birth certificates, diplomas, or legal agreements. But not all translations are the same, and the terminology used in the U.S. doesn’t always match European standards. One common point of confusion is the difference between sworn translations and certified translations—two terms that may sound similar but have distinct legal implications.

What Is a Sworn Translation?

A sworn translation (also called an official or certified translation in some countries) is a translation performed by a sworn translator who has been officially appointed by a court or government authority. This translator’s signature and stamp give the document legal validity, making it equivalent to the original in the eyes of European institutions.

Sworn translations are typically required for:

  • Visa and residency applications
  • University admissions
  • Marriage and birth certificates
  • Legal contracts and court documents

The requirements for sworn translations vary by country. In France, Spain, Germany, and Belgium, for example, only translators accredited by the relevant authorities can produce sworn translations.

What Is a Certified Translation?

In the U.S., a certified translation usually refers to a translation accompanied by a signed statement from the translator or translation agency confirming its accuracy. This type of certification is common for USCIS applications and other official uses in the U.S. However, in many European countries, a certified translation alone is not legally recognized unless it has been done by a sworn translator.

Some European institutions may accept certified translations, particularly for:

  • Business and financial documents
  • Personal statements or letters
  • Academic transcripts (if not requiring a sworn translation)

However, for immigration, legal, and government-related matters, a sworn translation is usually mandatory.

How to Choose the Right Type of Translation

Before getting your documents translated, always check the requirements of the country and institution you are dealing with. Some general guidelines include:
- For legal, immigration, and official purposes → You will likely need a sworn translation.
- For informal, business, or non-governmental use → A certified translation may be sufficient.

Since regulations differ across Europe, working with a trusted European-based sworn translation company ensures your documents meet the necessary legal standards.

Get Your Translations Right the First Time

Choosing the wrong type of translation can cause delays and extra costs. If you’re unsure whether you need a sworn or certified translation, contact us today for expert guidance and professional translation services tailored to European requirements.